Operation "Desert storm"
Découvrir un épisode historique : la guerre du Golfe.
- L'invasion du Koweït par Saddam Hussein en août 1990, pour des raisons liées au pétrole, est à la cause de la guerre du Golfe.
- Les ultimatums et les négociations avec l'ONU ayant échoués, les forces alliées (à la tête desquelles les États-Unis) passent à l'attaque en janvier 1991.
- Malgré l'étiquette de « guerre propre », les conséquences humaines du côté irakiens sont importantes. Les conséquences écologiques également (marées noires).
- À la fin du conflit, Saddam Hussein restera en place à la tête de l'Irak, pour maintenir l'équilibre des forces dans la région.
- Il s'agit du premier conflit couvert en direct par les médias.
On August 2nd, 1990, Saddam
Hussein's troops invaded Kuwait. The main cause that led
to this invasion was a conflict over oilfields and the price
of oil.
The United Nations (UN) demanded withdrawal from Iraq
and imposed economic, financial and military sanctions
: the operation was called "Desert Shield".
In December 1990, the UN Security Council issued an
ultimatum to Iraq: the Allied Forces (the USA and 27
other nations) would go into the attack if Iraq did not
withdraw before January 15th, 1991. Negotiations
failed.
On 16th January 1991, operation
"Desert Storm" was officially launched.
Communication centres, bridges, oil wells, power plants, chemical plants and military positions were hit by conventional and laser-guided bombs, long or medium-range missiles ("Tomahawk").
On January 17th 1991, Iraq launched the first SCUD missile attack, countered by American anti-missile missiles ("Patriots").
On February 24th, a four-day ground war started and on February 28th, 1991, cease-fire was proclaimed.
The UN Security Council had imposed conditions: Iraq had to destroy its chemical and biological weapons.
Consequences on environment were very important (due above all to oil spills).
Two thirds of the Iraqi military forces were destroyed, but because of political considerations, they were not completely annihilated and Saddam Hussein remained in place so as not to imperil the stability of the Middle East region.
One of the most outstanding features of this war was the full "live" coverage which was given by the different media. They insisted on the technological supremacy of the allied forces and proved to be an additional weapon on both sides.

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