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Halloween

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Objectif

Découvrir l'histoire de la fête d'Halloween.

Points clés

La nuit du 31 octobre a lieu Halloween, ou All Hallows Eve.
Cette fête remonte à l'époque des druides Celtes, pour qui la nuit du 31 octobre marquait le changement d'année.
Cette même date correspond également au Samhain : les prêtresses Celtes faisaient des sacrifices afin d'apaiser les esprits des morts censés circuler librement sur Terre cette nuit-là.

Les vagues d'immigrations modernes d'Irlandais et d'Ecossais ont permis d'importer cette fête sur le sol américain.
Avec le temps, elle est devenue une fête amusante où les enfants se déguisent et partent dans leur quartier à la recherche de bonbons au son de la phrase rituelle un bonbon ou un sort (trick or treat).

Halloween is also called All Hallows Eve. It takes place in the night of 31^st October when people once believed that ghosts could be seen.

1. The history of Halloween

Historically, the roots of Halloween wind back over 2000 years to the ancient Celts.

Druidic priests regarded the day as the end of the old year and the beginning of the new.
October 31^st was also the day of Samhain, a festival for honouring the dead. The ancient Celts feared the time after nightfall on this day because they believed that evil spirits were allowed to roam the earth. In order to appease these wandering spirits, the Celtic priests held fire rites in which they burned sacrifices, made charms and cast spells.

Portions of the Celtic beliefs passed into Christian culture after the Romans conquered the Celts and Catholic Rome tried to bring the pagan Celts into the "Christian fold".

A few centuries later, the church moved their All Saints' Day (a holiday for honouring the Christians who had died for their beliefs) from a day in May to November 1^st, associating it with the old Druid death ritual of October 31^st.

2. Halloween nowadays

Celebration of Halloween came to America with early Irish and Scottish immigrants, but by then it had already started to lose its occult-like overtone and was becoming merely a jovial harvest celebration (a night for eating popcorn and telling stories around a bonfire).

Now in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been removed and play "trick or treat". This is a traditional activity at Halloween, in which children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say: "Trick or treat". This means that they will play a trick, or joke, on the people in the house unless they are given a "treat" (money, sweets, etc...). Most people prefer to give treats rather than having tricks played on them.