With its 3,287,732 km2, India is the
7th biggest country in the world and the
2nd as far as
population is concerned.
Its various borders are :
-- In the North: Tibet, Nepal and
Bhutan.
-- In the South: the Palk Strait
and the Gulf of Mannar.
-- In the
West: Pakistan and the Arabian Sea.
-- In the East: Burma, the Bay of
Bengale and Bangladesh.
1. Relief
There are three main areas.
a. The Himalayas
It is one of the most famous
areas of India.
It is more than 2,400 kilometres long and between 160 and
320 kilometres wide. Some of its peaks are the highest in
the world (the Everest, the K2,etc.).
The Himalayas give birth to many rivers. The most
important are the Indus, the Ganges, the Yamuna and the
Brahmaputra.
b. The Dekkan Peninsula
It is the area South of the Narmada. It is bordered by
two medium mountains : the Western and the Eastern
Ghats. They look like huge stairs
covered by forests.
c. The plain of the Ganges
It is the biggest in the world and includes the Indus and
the Ganges basins. The Ganges basin is 1 million km2
wide. With the Bramaputra, it creates the largest delta in the world
(140,000 kms).
2. Weather
a. Winter
From December to
March, it is quite dry and the sky remains mainly
clear. The temperatures depend on the latitudes but are
usually above 20°C
during the day. However it remains quite cold in the
Himalayas (less than 15°C).
From March to May,
India is at its warmest. There are almost no rains and temperatures are
above 40°C
inland.
b. Summer
The monsoon lasts from June to September. It then rains
everywhere. The West coast are heavily wet while the
inland and the East Coast can remain quite dry.
After the monsoon (from October to November), some
tropical hurricanes can take place and wreak havoc.
3. Economy
a. Agriculture
Agriculture represents about 70 %
of the population and accounts for 30 % of the
gross domestic product. The rural density is thus very
high. It is based on three major
cereals:
-- India is the second world producer of rice. It is grown in the wettest
areas (East and West coast as well as the Ganges
plain).
-- It is the world's third producer of wheat. It can be found mainly in
the North.
-- Millet, which is
associated with peanuts, are found in the driest parts
(the Dekkan and the North-West areas).
Tea, coffee and heveas are mainly grown around the
Himalayas. India was the first
tea grower of the world in 1994.
It also grows sugar canes and cotton.
Cattle is very important too since its density is the
highest in the world.
b. Industry
India is the 4th coal
producer and produces other numerous ores
(manganese, mica, copper, etc.). The production of oil
and gas is still growing.
Iron and steel industry is particularly important as well
as the textile industry.
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